What is the Internet of Things IoT?

Ditulis pada 13 Sep 2023 oleh AturToko

At its core, the Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects, devices, sensors, and systems that are embedded with software, sensors, and other technologies that allow them to collect and exchange data over the internet. In simple terms, IoT is about connecting everyday physical objects to the digital world, enabling them to communicate with one another and with us in real-time. In manufacturing and industrial settings, IIoT has the potential to improve quality control, predictive maintenance, employee safety, supply chain efficiency, energy management and asset tracking. In the healthcare industry, IoT devices can be used to monitor patients remotely and collect real-time data on their vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation.

IBM Maximo Application Suite is a set of applications for asset monitoring, management, predictive maintenance and reliability planning. By using IoT technology to gather data about customer behavior, businesses can create more personalized and engaging experiences for their customers. For example, retailers can use IoT sensors to track customer movements in stores and deliver personalized offers based on their behavior. IoT devices generate vast amounts of data that can be used to make better-informed business decisions and new business models. By analyzing this data, businesses can gain insights into customer behavior, market trends, and operational performance, allowing them to make more informed decisions about strategy, product development, and resource allocation.

The necessity for the environmental suitability of the proposed smart lighting system was also raised in the same study and noted as an important factor that needs to be further investigated. Energy harvesting is also interesting topic and closely linked with the possible application of IoT technologies, especially since IoT devices require energy for their operation. An underwater piezoelectric energy harvesting system was discussed in (Kim et al., 2020) for the case of autonomous IoT sensor production. The proposed solution was fully designed and provided in the form of a prototype and demonstrated an autonomous energy source that could be further linked with IoT devices.

Discover how intelligent assets powered by AI and IoT can optimize performance, adapt to changing conditions and reduce costs. Explore our collection of case studies to see how our clients across industries have optimized performance, extend asset lifecycles and reduced operational downtime and costs. The GS1 digital link standard,211 first released in August 2018, allows the use QR Codes, GS1 Datamatrix, RFID and NFC to enable various types of business-to-business, as well as business-to-consumers interactions. The proposed analysis aims at comparing some microcontrollers as potentially useful for the IoT by considering the following objective parameters. Most popular sensors and their power requirements in active and power-down (i.e. sleep mode, Perković et al., 2020b). The application of IoT technologies in the agricultural sector would lead to advancements that could drastically modify current production procedures in agriculture, (Shafi et al., 2020) (Fig. 8).

What is the role of IoT in industrial operations?

The Intense digitalization in recent years has allowed for different technological possibilities that have already gradually been changing the main economic sectors and societies in general. Digitalization in different economic sectors enabled various possibilities for advancements and for a more efficient utilization of limited resources, systems or processes. The main driver for an efficient digitalization in various sectors is information technology, i.e., IoT supported smart technologies. In the previous sense, the energy sector is one of the key sectors where ‘‘energy digitalization’’ has already been rapidly developing in various energy related fields.

Businesses that invest in IoT stand to gain in cost efficiencies, streamlined operations, and improved performance analysis. However, the adoption of IoT also raises questions about data privacy and security as we become more connected than ever before. This information is used to streamline, manipulate and measure the way you interact with the world. From your online habits to your physical day-to-day routine – every single thing you do or don’t do is, or will very soon be, monitored.

• Different sensing devices would receive information, which would be processed towards efficient and useful solutions.
• In fact, it is estimated that 50% of the population in Europe will be over 60 years old in 2040, while in the USA it is estimated that one in every six citizens will be over 65 years old in 2020 (Corchado et al., 2008).
• IoT helps make it less expensive to manufacture and deliver goods, and it offers transparency into customer transactions.
• The main benefit of IoT technologies in smart cities would be directed to the early detection of different problems or infrastructural faults (such as issues with traffic jams, energy supply, water shortage, security incidents, etc.).
• The harvesting of waste energy could also be considered with the implementation of IoT devices.

The IoT is made possible by three key technologies:

Considered futuristic just a few years ago, self-driving cars are on the verge of becoming mainstream. Lower carbon emissions, intelligent roadways, and renewable energy, in part facilitated by IoT, will help to make the planet more sustainable and our lives richer. The management system should be able to flag bottlenecks and under-performing equipment and suggest effective solutions, so that any outage can be reduced. Ethernet is easy to manage and debug, and it is still widely used in offices, schools, and the manufacturing industry. It connects stationery equipment and requires cabling that may be expensive and limits mobility.

Social Internet of things

Once the MCU acquires the data from the sensor, it gives data to a radio unit that uses an antenna to transmit the data over a wireless channel. In the next sections, the components are described in depth by referencing the relevant literature, while the specific original work was done in current technology investigations that can enable these functionalities. The transportation (Porru et al., 2020), smart energy management in buildings (Douglas et al., 2020) or management of power networks (Martín-Lopo et al., 2020), as well as the agriculture sector (Villa-Henriksen et al., 2020) are also promising, having significant potential.

Home automation

• It provides low-power long-range coverage in challenging environments, making it suitable for industrial applications.
• A 6G World energy report estimates IoT will use 653 terawatt-hours (TWh) by 2030, compared to 1.8 petawatt-hours (PWh) in energy savings.
• IoT devices can also be used to monitor supply chains, track shipments and manage inventory levels.
• IoT based energy management systems were elaborated for industrial applications as well as for smart energy planning in industrial facilities.
• The Internet of Things (IoT) connects ordinary objects to other objects and applications in the cloud, making them intelligent and interactive.

The main benefit of IoT technologies in the smart city concept is to bridge severe infrastructural challenges in highly populated cities. The improvement of life quality in cities is also expected thanks to the efficiency improvement of various convectional services in cities. The early detection of various and common daily problems in cities could be efficiently solved with IoT as with transportation issues, energy and water shortage supplies, security issues, etc. The biggest challenge in the smart city concept is directed to the efficient networking and operation of different sensing technologies, which must be followed with the proper education of the population. The advent of IoT technologies allows to organize, automate and control processes remotely and from any device connected to the Internet. By definition, an efficient supply chain is responsible for delivering the goods, from the manufacturer to the end user, at the agreed time and under the specified conditions.

2.2. IoT in smart city concept

An AAL approach is the way to guarantee better life conditions for the aged and people with limited mobility, chronic diseases and in recovery status with the development of innovative technologies and services. On the topic of sensors and machines, this brings us to what I’m most excited about – how all these connected devices will impact our cities. I honestly believe that the elements of IoT we’ll all benefit from the most are those being implemented across our hometowns – otherwise known as ‘smart city’ applications. By enabling predictive maintenance, reducing energy consumption, and optimizing processes, IoT can help businesses and consumers save money. For example, IoT-enabled thermostats can reduce heating and cooling costs by adjusting the temperature based on occupancy patterns, while smart lighting can lower electricity bills by dimming lights in unused rooms. IoT is at the heart of the development of smart cities, where interconnected systems aim to improve urban living by making transportation more efficient, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing public services.

Ambient intelligence and autonomous control are not part of the original concept of the Internet of things. Ambient intelligence and autonomous control do not necessarily require Internet structures, either. By reinforcement learning approach, a learning agent can sense the environment’s state (e.g., sensing home temperature), perform actions (e.g., turn HVAC on or off) and learn through the maximizing accumulated rewards it receives in long term. Underneath, selected multi-brand MCUs will be compared by using the above-mentioned metrics in order to have a quick perspective useful in selecting the right MCU for a specific IoT application. After a quick overview of the microcontrollers based on manufacturer descriptions, which is useful to understand the different categories, a table summarizing their main features will be provided. Being low-power, “No-Operating system” devices will be considered in this comparison, Fig.

Environmental sustainability impact

Most of us are very familiar with cellular connectivity as it is used around the world to connect our mobile phones to the internet. Hackers could gain access to sensitive data or take control of IoT devices, creating significant security risks. To mitigate these threats, robust encryption methods, secure communication protocols, and regular software updates are essential. IoT-powered security systems help keep homes and businesses safe by providing real-time monitoring and alerts.

2.7. IoT in smart grids and power management

Manufacturers that do not update their devices regularly — or at all — leave them vulnerable to cybercriminals. Additionally, connected devices often ask users to input their personal information, including name, age, address, phone number and even social media accounts — information that is invaluable to hackers. IoT also continues to advance as more businesses realize the potential of connected devices to keep them competitive. When integrated into a vertical market like healthcare, which is known as the internet of medical things (IoMT), these devices can help improve efficiency and patient care.

The energy efficiency of building structures using smart technologies provides an increasingly intelligent management of resources, avoiding waste, improving the life quality of people and making the buildings themselves more resilient in the face of current climate changes. Thanks to building automation and IoT not only individual buildings but also entire neighborhoods can be controlled remotely from an energy point of view and in terms of the security. For example, it is possible to carry out checks on air pollution remotely (Becnel et al., 2019), monitor fire systems (Cavalera et al., 2019) or, furthermore, immediately detect any intrusion by outsiders (Dasari et al., 2019).

The architecture, FRAM, and peripherals, combined with seven low-power modes, are optimized to achieve extended battery life in portable and wireless sensing applications. FRAM is a new nonvolatile memory that combines the speed, flexibility, and endurance of SRAM with the stability and reliability of flash, all at lower total power consumption. Peripherals include a 10-bit ADC, a 16-channel comparator with voltage reference generation and hysteresis capabilities, three enhanced serial channels capable of I2C, SPI, or UART protocols, an internal DMA, a hardware multiplier, an RTC, five 16-bit timers, and digital I/Os. The Microcontroller (MCU hereafter) is the core of any Internet of Things (IoT) device and embedded system. Indeed, its role is to coordinate, according to a specific pre-programmed logic, all the peripherals of the IoT node thus providing sensing, actuation, and connectivity in an as low power mode as possible. In other words, the MCU sets the “smart-ability” of a certain object in relation with its cost, computational capability, power consumption, memory, communication interfaces and other features to accurately select during the design phase.

No problem, it takes just a sec to check in on her via a connected ‘caregiver’ – the wearable tech that monitors her movements, heart https://traderoom.info/python-coding-in-iot-data-science-projects/ rate and reminds her to take her medication. We will experience an unprecedented step-change, on every level – from the way we run our homes and businesses, to how we interact with the cities we live in. Smart Cities include another concept not strictly always related to IoT; you will often see the term Information and Communication Technology (ICT) used instead.